What is medical marijuana?
Marijuana refers to the dried cannabis plant that contains over 100 biologically active compounds. Cannabinoids and terpenes are two well-known compounds, with cannabinoids binding to cannabinoid receptors to exert their effect on the body.1
Some people use marijuana recreationally to alter the senses (i.e. ‘getting high’ - changes in vision, sound, and alertness). In the United States, marijuana is the most commonly used recreational drug. Marijuana has also been used for thousands of years for medicinal purposes. Medical marijuana, or medical cannabis, refers to the use of the plant material in some form to prevent disease.3 It is important to note that medical cannabis is not the same thing as hemp which is used mainly for manufacturing purposes and is not consumed.
Dronabinol is an FDA-approved, prescription-only product that can be used in pediatric patients for the treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy.2 In addition, the FDA recently approved Epidiolex, a cannabidiol oral solution, for seizures in children greater than 2 years of age. Another prescription-only product, nabilone, is FDA-approved for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in adults.3 Both dronabinol and nabilone are synthetic cannabinoids and are not to be confused with the natural compound.
How can medical marijuana be given?
Traditionally, marijuana has been given by mouth via edibles or oil, or through inhalation by smoking or vaporization. Marijuana can also be given under the tongue in the form of a lozenge or even on the skin as a cream. These products can differ greatly in the types and amounts of cannabinoids, depending on the strain of the plant and manufacturing practices.4,5
What is medical marijuana used for?
Medical marijuana has been used to treat a variety of medical conditions including, but not limited to: nausea, loss of appetite, pain, multiple sclerosis, anxiety, and depression.1.4.5 In pediatric patients, medical marijuana has been used for nausea/vomiting associated with chemotherapy, epilepsy, nerve pain, muscle spasms, and depression.1,4.5
Is medical marijuana effective?
In pediatric patients, current research is strongest for chemotherapy-induced nausea/vomiting and epilepsy.4 Current research surrounding the use of medical marijuana in pediatric patients is limited due to federal restrictions. Because of this lack of information, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) opposes the use of medical marijuana outside the use of FDA-approved products. However, the AAP does recognize that medical marijuana may be an option for children with life-limiting conditions and for those patients with conditions that are not responsive to other conventional therapies.6
Is medical marijuana safe?
The most common side effect reported from studies regarding the medical use of marijuana is drowsiness/sleepiness.4 Marijuana that contains the cannabinoid tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has the potential to alter the senses. Forms of marijuana that only contain cannabidiol (CBD) do not have this effect. Other side effects reported are dry mouth, confusion, anxiety, and nausea.4,5 Some side effects are related to the way medical marijuana is given. For example, inhaling marijuana has been shown to cause coughing, wheezing, and bronchitis (inflammation of the lung tissue).1
Are there any interactions with medications?
Marijuana is changed and broken down by the liver. Marijuana can increase the amount of other medications that are also broken down by the liver. This can cause a worsening of side effects associated with these medications. Some examples of these medications include clarithromycin, cyclosporine, and clobazam.1 It is important to let all of your healthcare providers know that your child is taking medical marijuana, including CBD oils.
Is medical marijuana legal?
In the United States, marijuana is listed as a schedule I drug and is therefore illegal to possess.7 Some states, however, have legalized the use of medical marijuana and/or CBD-specific oil. To find your state-specific medical marijuana laws, click here. Keep in mind also that while it may be legal in your state, local hospitals or offices may have their own rules regarding medical marijuana use in their facilities.
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